Inflammatory breast cancer: A rapidly developing type that may not present with a lump

Mayo Clinic has warned about inflammatory breast cancer, a rare and rapidly progressing form of the disease that may not present with a distinct lump. Instead, its signs often manifest as rapid changes in the skin of the breast, which can be mistaken for infections or other skin conditions.

Coinciding with Breast Cancer Awareness Month in October, Dr. Tina Hicken, a surgical oncologist at Mayo Clinic’s Comprehensive Cancer Center, highlighted that key potential symptoms include skin redness or discoloration turning pink or purple, a sensation of unusual warmth in the breast, and a change in skin texture to resemble an orange peel. These symptoms can mimic mastitis or cellulitis, potentially delaying diagnosis. Dr. Hicken emphasized the importance of seeking medical evaluation when rapid and unusual changes occur in the breast skin, particularly among non-breastfeeding women.

According to Mayo Clinic reports, inflammatory breast cancer accounts for approximately 1% to 5% of diagnosed breast cancer cases but is associated with a higher mortality rate, underscoring the importance of recognizing its symptoms and addressing them early. Dr. Hicken explained that symptoms may develop over a few months due to the spread of cancer cells through the lymphatic vessels in the skin and soft tissues, which explains the distinctive skin changes characteristic of this type of cancer.

Treatment depends on tumor characteristics

Treatment for inflammatory breast cancer is based on the biological characteristics of the tumor and its extent. It typically begins with systemic therapy targeting cancer cells throughout the body, which may include chemotherapy, targeted therapies, or immunotherapies, depending on the tumor type and specific features. This is often followed by surgery to remove the breast and nearby lymph nodes, and then radiation therapy to the chest and surrounding areas, as part of a multi-phase treatment plan aimed at controlling the disease and reducing the risk of recurrence or spread.

Advancements in treatment options

Dr. Hicken noted progress in therapies tailored to specific disease subtypes, particularly HER2-positive tumors, through the use of integrated treatments targeting this protein, which have contributed to improved outcomes for some patients. Additionally, advances in imaging and three-dimensional radiation planning have enabled more precise determination of treatment areas, allowing for customized dosing and reduced potential side effects.

Managing this type of cancer requires a multidisciplinary team comprising medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, and radiation oncologists, along with specialists in pathology, genetics, psychological support, and rehabilitation, to provide comprehensive care for patients.

These findings reinforce the importance of paying attention to unusual changes in the breast and not waiting for a lump to appear, while consulting a healthcare provider to evaluate symptoms and determine the need for appropriate tests.