Corruption and Firmness

Corruption constitutes one of the most serious challenges facing modern states, due to its waste of resources, weakening of institutions, undermining of justice, and slowing of development processes. Its impact is not limited to the economic sphere alone; it extends to political, social, and cultural aspects, leading to a decline in citizens’ trust in state institutions and the spread of feelings of inequality. Hence, the importance of firmness emerges as a means to ensure respect for the law and to consolidate the principles of integrity and accountability. …