How does disrupted sleep change the way the brain works?
Researchers have found that the effects of sleep disorders extend beyond daytime fatigue, causing structural changes in brain regions responsible for attention, decision-making, and emotional control. Sleep disorders are defined as conditions that prevent the body from obtaining healthy, adequate sleep, such as insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and others. They are generally classified into two main types: the first, known as “parasomnia,” involves disruptions in the sleep stages themselves, with prominent examples including sleepwalking, recurrent nightmares, and night terrors. The second type, called “dyssomnia,” is characterized by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep without interruption.
To reach these findings, a research team conducted a comprehensive analysis of results from 57 previous studies that relied on brain imaging techniques, comparing individuals affected by both types of disorders, and published their findings in the journal Scientific Reports. The researchers found that parasomnia cases were associated with changes in a brain region called the “posterior cingulate cortex,” which plays an important role in motivating behavior, decision-making, and regulating emotions. The researchers believe these changes may underlie the mood swings and poor emotional control reported by some patients with these conditions.
The study also observed reduced activity in the “thalamus” among patients with both parasomnia and dyssomnia. This brain region is responsible for filtering sensory information, maintaining focus, and abstract thinking. This decline in activity may explain the poor attention and increased likelihood of injuries commonly observed, particularly among older adults who suffer from fragmented sleep.
The study’s authors emphasize that these structural changes may disrupt interconnected brain networks, negatively affecting human cognitive, emotional, and motivational performance. Dr. Matthew Sutherland stated, “Given the widespread prevalence of sleep problems, understanding their underlying brain mechanisms is key to improving therapeutic interventions and providing personalized care for each patient.”
Source: The Independent
