Question and Answer
Sunstroke is one form of heat stress and, in severe cases, can lead to nervous system disturbances, making it a medical emergency that requires prompt intervention. Doctors emphasize the importance of avoiding common mistakes. For instance, the body should not be cooled with ice or very cold water when sunstroke occurs, as this can worsen the condition rather than improve it and may cause blood vessel spasms. It is also inadvisable to remain in the sun in the hope that the condition will improve. Energy drinks should be avoided, as they can increase dehydration. If the victim loses consciousness, no fluids should be given.
Doctors note that sunstroke usually results from prolonged direct exposure to sunlight, whether while sitting on a beach, walking, or working outdoors without wearing a hat, especially during peak hours.
The groups most at risk of sunstroke include children, the elderly, people with cardiovascular diseases, and those engaging in physical activity in hot weather.
Initial symptoms typically appear gradually and include severe headache, weakness, dizziness, feeling extremely hot, nausea, and rapid heartbeat. Skin temperature may rise, and body temperature may also increase. If exposure to heat continues, the condition can worsen to include confusion, drowsiness, loss of balance, and may progress to fainting or seizures.
Doctors indicate that first aid begins by immediately moving the victim to a cool or shaded place, laying them on their back with the head slightly elevated, loosening or removing tight clothing, and ensuring good ventilation. Body temperature should then be gradually lowered. Cold compresses can be applied to the head, neck, and areas of large blood vessels, and the skin can be moistened with cool water. If the victim is fully conscious, small amounts of cool water are recommended.
If the victim feels severe weakness or dizziness, or shows signs of fainting, it is best to elevate their legs 15 to 30 cm above head level to improve blood flow to the brain, reduce the burden on the heart, and help prevent loss of consciousness.
Source: gazeta.ru
